Ozone depletion by auto mobiles

                                                  

When a cars or any vehicle is running   the substance like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon particles, soot, nitrous oxide, trace amount of halogens trace amount of heavy metals and some other volatile organic compound released in to the atmosphere. The release of this kind of harmful is based on type of gasoline that are using for the vehicles. In 1970’s people were using lead gasoline which is more dangerous than what we are using now.  But still burning of this fossil fuel is increased day by day. The usage of vehicle was tripled when compared with vehicle usage in 1970’s.  I think because of traffic also there is more consumption of fossil fuels because in traffic we stay one hour without turning off the engine .Not only the gasoline but also the fluid used for maintenance of vehicle like antifreeze, brake fluids, motor oil, transmission hydraulic fluids, windshield –wiper fluids, air conditioner refrigerator’s..etc., 

                                              

 

 

  Most of vehicles manufactured before 1994 use CFC-12 coolant which is very toxic and cause depletion of the ozone layer that’s why CFC-12 is banned in US and are using alternate coolant instead of CFC-12 which has no effect on ozone layer. Even some developed and developing countries are using bio gasoline to reduce the atmospheric pollution.

                I think not only usage of bio fuels but also, the government should pass a rule to stop using vehicle a day in a week in any cost except for medical emergency. It is not possible to implement such kind of rule except there is awareness in people.

As also better to take public transport instead of taking private transport.

References:

1.       http://homeguides.sfgate.com/car-pollution-affect-environment-ozone-layer-79358.html

2.       https://www.bchydro.com/powersmart/residential/guides_tips/green_your_life/transportation/reduce_personal_automobile.html

3.       https://www.google.ca/search?q=how+to+decrease+usage+of+vehicle.&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=r445U9O_FMKs2gW7xYHoAw&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1680&bih=969#q=cars+releasing+carbon+dioxide&tbm=isch&imgdii=_

Montreal protocol on Ozone depleting substances (ODS)

 

Montreal protocol was designed to reduce usage and consumption of ozone depleting substance. Now it is considered as most successful environment protection action which controls the release of ozone depleting agents in to the atmosphere. The chemicals that produce during production of other useful goods which cause adverse or deadly effect on health of ecosystem or wildlife are called as phase out chemicals. This protocol is to set up a list of so called phase out chemicals and to explain the serious problems that we are going to face in future and take preventive step to take control the production of this phase out chemicals.

            By the effect of pollution caused by every country there was a notorious problems among themselves and finally all together decide to stop the upcoming problems by taking a strict agreement.  Every nation get together in Montreal, Canada on September 16^th to take this agreement and this day is called as international day for the protection of Ozone layer. 

The Montreal protocol announced 96 chemicals among thousands of chemical suggested by different countries across 240 industrial sectors. It will give financial assistance to developing countries for more than 2.5 billions of dollars for producing alternate chemical production instead of phase out chemicals 

Recent achievement of this Montreal protocol is that it made US ,china and 20 other big developed nation to sign an agreement to stop release of HFC’s and other climate damaging substance in to the atmosphere. I think Montreal protocol is considering developed and developing countries and pollution making countries but they should focus on under developed countries because of less financial assistance they are using the phase out chemicals. 

REFERNCES:

1.       http://ozone.unep.org/new_site/en/montreal_protocol.php

2.       http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/environment-protection/ozone/montreal-protocol

3.       https://www.google.ca/search?q=montreal+protocol&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=sXA5U6_TIMXR2AWel4HYBg&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1680&bih=969#facrc=0%3Bmontreal%20protocol%202013&imgdii=_&imgrc=_

Natural disasters causing ozone depletion

Natural disasters like volcano’s play a minor role in ozone depletion. The gases evolved during eruption of volcano's are  chloroflurocarbons, hydrofluorocarbon carbons ..etc., causes not only ozone depletion but also cause many global wide problems like acid rains, global warming, water pollution, causing extinction of many animal species for example dinosaurs. The eruption of volcano reaches the stratosphere of earth atmosphere where ozone is present. Many dangerous toxic gases release from this eruption. Due to high heat energy the evolved gas covert in to free radicals and this free radicals are mostly halogens ex:Cl^-  and F^-  this will react with Ozone and covert it into oxygen. As per NOAA scientist one atom of chlorine or fluorine free radical can covert 100000 molecules of Ozone in to oxygen, and thus deplete ozone layer.

     

                                                

volcanic erruption

Another natural disaster is Oceans. Oceans contain many types rock salts which are composed of halogens like chlorine and fluorine. And also many industrial waste containing halogen are dumping in to oceans which leads to increase in salt content in oceans .also some volcanic eruption in oceans cause rise of level of halogen in oceans. Global warming cause the rise of temperature which leads to evaporation of  oceans salts release halogen free radicals which goes up and react with Ozone layer  cause ozone depletion.

In summer, Forest fire is also one of the major reason for the evolution of some ozone depleting gases like carbon monoxide,  nitrogen oxide etc., which causes Ozone depletion. And also deforestation which is not a natural disaster but human are made it as natural disaster by expanding the city by cutting tress and building house.  

            

forest fire

                            

Reference

1.

http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/2010/twentyquestions/Q14.pdf

2. http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/myths/volcano.html

3.

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=do+volcanoes+cause+ozone+depletion&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=kMI4U_LJJqnu2wWoqIGwBw&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=634&dpr=1

4. https://www.google.co.in/search?q=do+volcanoes+cause+ozone+depletion&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=kMI4U_LJJqnu2wWoqIGwBw&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=634&dpr=1#q=forest+fire&tbm=isch&imgdii=_

NITROUS OXIDE AS TOP LEADING OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCE(ODS)

 

As per NOAA scientist investigation, nitrous oxide is the largest ozone depleting agent in 21^st century. Nitrous oxide released from industries, and from sewage waste, burning fossil fuels and from fertilizer that are used for agriculture. This nitrous oxide that released in to the atmosphere, because of light weight it goes up in to stratosphere and release oxygen free radical and this free oxygen radical and react with the Ozone layer and convert ozone in to 2 moles of oxygen.



Nitrogen Fertilizers

Nitrogen Cylinders

                                The effect of nitrous oxide on ozone is same like as chlorofluoro carbons which can disable 100000 molecules of ozone in to oxygen. World Environmental atmospheric committee took a preventive measurement to reduce the release of chlorofloro carbons but the neglect the effect of nitrous oxide.  Plants and some kind of small living organism convert this nitrogen in to nitrates which cause less effect of  nitrous oxide on ozone but because of deforestation, this conversion of nitrogen compound in to nitrate are stopped and also nitrous oxide will cause acid rain which cause death of plants and many living organism. This seems like one wrong step is causing another 10 more wrong steps that means if u stop one wrong step u can stop 10 more wrong steps. We should make others to realize about the harmful effect of atmospheric polluting agent. The best thing to stop this kind of event is afforestation. And using bio fertilizers underground burring of death plants and living organism can stop release of nitrogen compound entre in to atmosphere.

 

Reference:

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090827141344.htm

Ozone layer is a protective layer which covers earth as a ring or as a blanket which prevent falling of harmful rays from sun to earth. The ozone layer is in stratosphere and some part in troposphere of earth’s atmosphere. The ozone layer is thick at equator region where as thin at above and below equator and very thin at poles.

 

 

 

http://www.acer-acre.ca/stratospheric-ozone-depletion

ozone depleting substances:

                Canada is above the equator so the ozone is thinner. Ozone is depleting due to atmospheric pollution than are done by human beings i.e., mostly by chemical gas pollution which are released form chemical industries , chemicals released from household products like refrigerators ,cleaning sprays air conditioners ,the gases released from the vehicles and the pesticide used for agriculture.. This kind of chemicals which cause depletion of Ozone are called as the ‘ODS’(Ozone depleting substance) for example chloro fluoro carbons, hydro chloro fluoro carbons, carbon tetrachloride …etc. among these chlorofluro carbons are more dangerous and most abundantly released.

http://education.rec.org/bg/ozone_depletion/ozone_depleting_substances/index.shtml

 If you see the mechanism of Ozone depletion the chlorine or any halogen from the ozone depleting substance will react continuously with large amount of Ozone molecules and convert it in to oxygen. For better understand one atom of fluorine can convert 100,000 molecules of ozone to oxygen.

And the carbon monoxide released from the cars will react with the atmospheric nitrous oxide and convert in to the harmful intermediate compound and this compound will react with the Ozone and convert in to oxygen .

Preventive steps:

1.       limit private vehicle using ;

In developed countries like Canada  people are using  private vehicles beyond the necessity . the best thing to do avoid too much using  private vehicles and use public transport.

2.       Use ecofriendly house hold products:

In cold countries like Canada ,in winters there is no necessary to use refrigerators and its better to use fresh food items instead of using stored one.

3.       Avoid using artificial pesticides.

 

Reference:

1.       Retrieved March 25, 2014, from http://1. ec.gc.ca/ozone/default.asp?lang=En&n=2ED3F6DA-1

2.       Retrieved March 25, 2014, from http://1. www.greendiary.com/5-ways-prevent-ozone-depletion.html